Islam

Tradition70 entries

Symbol · Symbols of the Religions

Star and Crescent

The Borrowed Emblem

An Ottoman state emblem read worldwide as the sign of Islam, and adopted far later than most people assume.

What it meansThe crescent is the young moon, and the Islamic calendar begins each month on its sighting — so the emblem marks the instant a new month is confirmed by human observation rather than by calculation. Time in this reading is something a community sees and agrees.

Person · Sufism · 1165

Ibn ʿArabī

The Greatest Master, Still Contested

Readers found a God disclosed through every form yet confined to none, and their experience as knowledge.

Who they wereHis most quoted lines make the heart, not the creed, the organ of religion: it has become capable of every form — a pasture for gazelles, a convent for monks, a temple, a Kaʿba, the tablets of the Torah. God is disclosed in every form and confined by none, which is what his readers found and his critics objected to.

The FindingWaḥdat al-wujūd, the phrase Ibn ʿArabī is universally labelled with, is one specialists find nowhere in his writings: on Chittick's reading Ibn Taymiyya (d. 1328) made it the name of a doctrine in order to condemn it, and only with Jāmī (d. 1492) did admirers take it up approvingly.

Person · Sufism · 1278

Rūmī

Muslim Preacher, American Bestseller

Qurʾanic teaching by story, plain enough for a shopkeeper; the popular English versions cut the Islam out.

Who they wereThe Masnavi gives its own instruction for reading it: the story is the husk and the meaning the kernel, and a listener who stops at the tale has eaten the shell. He preached in stories because a shopkeeper could follow one, and the Qurʾan is under almost every page.

The FindingThe Rumi who sells in English is Coleman Barks's — versions begun in 1984 and made without Persian from Nicholson and Arberry, in which īmān and kufr become 'wrongdoing and rightdoing' — while the poet himself was a Hanafi jurist whose verse runs on the Qurʾan.

Poems from the Masnavi 38

Poems from the Dīvān-e Shams-e Tabrīzī 11

Passages 1

Books and texts 3

Teachings 1

Practices 5

Symbols 2

People 5

Places 1

Movements 3