The Seal of Solomon

The Qur'an never mentions Solomon's ring. The story enters through commentary on 38:34, and Ibn Kathir (d. 1373) judged that Ibn Abbas had it from the People of the Book.

Ibn Kathir, Tafsir al-Qur'an al-'Azim on Qur'an 38:34; al-Tabari, Jami' al-bayan on 38:34; the Qur'an, suras 21, 27, 34 and 38

Solomon's ring in Islamic legend, said to command the jinn; later drawn as a hexagram or pentagram.

Sources4 sources

Primary source

The Qur'an, trans. Saheeh International, Qur'an 38:34 (Surat Sad), 38:34The Qur'anic verse on Solomon's trial names a 'body' on his throne and says nothing of a ring; no Solomon verse in suras 21, 27, 34 or 38 mentions one.
And We certainly tried Solomon and placed on his throne a body; then he returned.

Scholarship

Joseph Jacobs and M. Seligsohn, Solomon, Seal of, The Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. XI, vol. XI, p. 448Arabic usage gave the name Solomon's seal to the six-pointed figure, while Western legend drew the seal as a pentacle; the ring legend appears in Talmud Gittin 68a-b.
The Arabs afterward gave the name of "Solomon's seal" to the six-pointed star-like figure

The tradition itself

Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, Jami' al-bayan 'an ta'wil ay al-Qur'an, on Qur'an 38:34Al-Tabari reports from Ibn Abbas that the 'body' was the demon Sakhr, to whom Solomon handed his ring, and that Solomon's kingship lay in his ring.
وكان مُلك سليمان في خاتمه
Isma'il ibn Kathir, Tafsir al-Qur'an al-'Azim, on Qur'an 38:34Ibn Kathir judges that Ibn Abbas, if the report is sound, received the ring-and-demon story from the People of the Book.
إنما تلقاه ابن عباس - إن صح عنه - من أهل الكتاب