The Ten Commandments

How Traditions Count Them

Mishnah Tamid 5:1 has Temple priests reciting the Decalogue with the Shema, as does the second-century BCE Nash Papyrus. The Talmud says the daily reading was dropped over heretics' claims.

Mishnah Tamid 5:1; Babylonian Talmud Berakhot 12a; Jerusalem Talmud Berakhot 1:5, that the minim should not say only these were given at Sinai; Cambridge University Library MS Or.233 (Nash Papyrus), dated to the second century BCE.

The ten utterances that Exodus 20 and Deuteronomy 5 set at Sinai, written on two tablets.

Sources6 sources

Primary source

Babylonian Talmud, Makkot 24a, 24aThat 'I am' and 'You shall have no other gods' were heard from the mouth of the Almighty, the other 611 commandments through Moses.
״אנכי״ ו״לא יהיה לך״ – מפי הגבורה שמענום
Mishnah, Tamid 5:1, 5:1That the Temple priests recited the Ten Commandments together with the Shema.
קָרְאוּ עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים, שְׁמַע
Babylonian Talmud, Berakhot 12a, 12aThat reciting the Decalogue daily outside the Temple was abolished because of the grievance of the minim.
בטלום מפני תרעומת המינין
Jerusalem Talmud, ed. and trans. Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, Berakhot 1:5, 2000, 1:5The reason given for not reciting the Decalogue daily.
that they should not say that only these were given to Moses at Sinai
Cambridge University Library, MS Or.233, the Nash Papyrus, catalogue record, Date of CreationThat the Nash Papyrus, dated to the second century BCE, contains the Ten Commandments followed by the Shema.
Middle of second century BCE

Scholarship

John Stapleton, The Ten Commandments, The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 4, 1908, on the numerationThat Catholics and Lutherans follow Augustine's numbering, Reformed churches that of Philo, Josephus and Origen.
followed also by the German Lutherans